In summary the management of CML has been revolutionised by the introduction of TKI. The field continues to evolve rapidly and definitive statements regarding management are impossible. For those patients responding to imatinib the likelihood is that their disease will remain under control on oral therapy for many years. For those whose responses are less good, their disease reverts to its original chronic but fatal course and alternative strategies must be used. The significance of Abl kinase mutations will become apparent with time as will the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents designed to target these. For the immediate future physicians must continue to monitor their patients carefully by sensitive RT-PCR assays, check for mutations when appropriate and contribute their data to large multi-centre studies such as those in development within the European Leukaemia Net.